Birmingham Campaign 1963: Challenging Segregation
Introduction “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere… whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.” Explanation These lines are from Martin Luther King Jr.’s
Civil Rights in the US
16th St Church Bombing: The Death Toll of White Supremacy
Background US civil rights protestors are largely remembered for their peaceful actions, yet they were the victims of incredible violence. Many confrontations involved nonviolent activists
Rosa Parks: An Activist’s Life
Introduction You have likely learned about Rosa Parks: the seamstress from Alabama who was tired and refused to give up her bus seat to a
Congress of Racial Equality: Fighting Discrimination and Segregation
Introduction In 1942, a group of students from Chicago broke off from the pacifist civil rights group Fellowship of Reconciliation to form their own organization.
Thurgood Marshall: Fighting for Civil Rights
Problem In 1951, Oliver Brown tried to enroll his seven-year-old daughter Linda in the closest elementary school to their Topeka, Kansas home. He was unsuccessful.
Bloody Sunday – March 7, 1965: Marching for the Right to Vote
Introduction It is the evening of March 7, 1965. You and your family, along with 50 million other Americans, are watching the highly-anticipated television premiere
The NAACP: A National Fight for Equality
Introduction Have you helped get an unfair rule or policy changed? Maybe you convinced your school to update its dress code, or you talked your
Montgomery Bus Boycott: Refusing to Ride
Introduction Layla’s teacher assigns her class a lot of homework. One day, they give so much that Layla suggests the whole class protest by not
Civil Rights Act of 1964: In Pursuit of Equality
Introduction On June 11, 1963, President John F. Kennedy addressed the country in a televised speech that argued emphatically for a more robust Civil Rights
The Red Summer: Summer of Racial Discontent
Background In 1910, Black families began moving from the rural south, where Jim Crow laws institutionalized discrimination, to industrialized northern cities. This movement, called the
